It was great to be back in The Hague for the 2025 Conference on International Cyber Security, with the perfect title: “Order, disorder, re-order: Geopolitics and the transformation of cyberspace.”
The keynote presentations were inspiring, and I enjoyed listening to fascinating talks over the two days of the conference. There was a lot of new and innovative cyber research (including AI, of course) from around the world. Reconnecting with old colleagues and meeting new ones was a highlight.
I also presented my recent project, which explores how countries can use different types of joint attribution frameworks.
One key takeaway: credible, collaborative attribution isn’t just a technical issue, but one with geopolitical significance. This is especially relevant given the attribution of the Salt Typhoon campaign to China in August.
Many thanks to Dennis Broeders and The Hague Program on International Cyber Security team for running this conference for the 8th year in a row.


